Comparison of Urinary Incontinence Subgroups according to Possible Risk Factors

Hatem Kazımoğlu; Yunus Emre Topdağı; Mehmet Solakhan; Ali İrfan Güzel

doi:10.5152/eurjther.2020.20007

Authors

Hatem Kazımoğlu Department of Urology, SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-5068
Yunus Emre Topdağı Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0656-0765
Mehmet Solakhan Department of Urology, Bahceşehir University School of Medicine, İstanbul https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-9196
Ali İrfan Güzel Medifema Hospital, İzmir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-3772

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjther.2020.20007

Keywords:

Stress, urge, urinary incontinence

Abstract

Objective: Urinary incontinence (UI) is involuntary urine flow that causes social and hygienic problems. The association between risks factors and UI in women was assessed. We compared the risk factors based on UI subtypes.
Methods: The study included 470 women with different UI types (320 urge UI [UUI], 80 stress UI [SUI], and 70 mixed UI [MUI]). Age, educational level, urban/rural residence, parity, delivery type, diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypertension status, any neurological abnormality, menopausal status, surgical history, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained.
Results: Of all women, 320, 80, and 70 had UUI, SUI, and MUI, respectively. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, hypertension status, neurological abnormality rate, smoking status, or surgical history (all p>0.05). Parity, episiotomy, DM status, delivery type, menopause status, hysterectomy history, and BMI differed significantly among the groups (all p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study found that parity, episiotomy, DM status, delivery type, menopause status, hysterectomy history, and BMI may be independent risk factors for different UI types.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abrams P, Andersson KE, Birder L, Brubaker L, Cardozo L, Chapple C, et al. Fourth International Consultation on Incontinence Recommendations of the International Scientific Committee: Evaluation and treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and fecal incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn 2010; 29: 213-40.

Wein AJ. Pathophysiology and categorization of voiding dysfunction. In Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED (eds)Campbell's Urology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders 2002; 887-98.

Minassian V. Drutz H. Al-Badr A. Urinary incontinence: a worldwide problem. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 82: 327-38.

Hayek S. Abrams P. Women's lower urinary tract function and dysfunction: definitions and epidemiology. Minerva Gynecol 2004; 56: 311-25.

Goode PS, Burgio KL, Redden DT, Markland A, Richter HE, Sawyer P, et al. Population based study of incidence and predictors of urinary incontinence in black and white older adults. J Urol 2008; 179: 1449- 53.

Lukacz ES, Santiago-Lastra Y, Albo ME, Brubaker L. Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Review. JAMA 2017; 318: 1592-604.

Markland AD, Goode PS, Burgio KL, Redden DT, Richter HE, Sawyer P, et al. Correlates of urinary, fecal, and dual incontinence in older African-American and white men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008; 56: 285-90.

Smith AL, Wang PC, Anger JT, Mangione CM, Trejo L, Rodríguez LV, et al. Correlates of urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older Latinos. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010; 58: 1170-6.

Tennstedt SL, Link CL, Steers WD, McKinlay JB. Prevalence of and risk factors for urine leakage in a racially and ethnically diverse population of adults: The Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167: 390-9.

Basak T, Uzun S, Arslan F. Incontinence features, risk factors, and quality of life in Turkish women presenting at the hospital for urinary incontinence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2012; 39: 84- 9.

Firth D. Bias reduction of maximum likelihood estimates. Biometrika 1993; 80: 27-38.

Tsai Y-C, Liu CH. Urinary incontinence among Taiwanese women: An outpatient study of prevalence, co morbidity, risk factors, and quality of life. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 41: 795-803.

Onur R, Deveci SE, Rahman S, Sevindik F, Acik Y. Prevalence and risk factors of female urinary incontinence in eastern Turkey. Int J Urol 2009; 16: 566-9.

Chiarelli P, Brown W, McElduff P. Leaking urine: prevalence and associated factors in Australian women. Neurourol Urodyn 1999; 18:567-77.

Singh U, Agarwal P, Verma ML, Dalela D, Singh N, Shankhwar P. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Indian women: A hospital-based survey. Indian J Urol 2013; 29: 31-6.

Parazzini F, Chiaffarino F, Lavezzari M, Giambanco V. Risk factors for stress, urge or mixed urinary incontinence in Italy. BJOG 2003; 110: 927-33.

Shakhatreh F. Epidemiology of urinary incontinence in Jordanian women. Saudi Med J 2005; 26: 830-5.

Kaşıkçı M, Kılıç D, Avşar G, Şirin M. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in older Turkish women, risk factors, and effect on activities of daily living. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61: 217-23.

Oliveira E, Zuliani L, Ishicava J, Silva SV, Albuquerque SS, Souza AMB, Barbosa CP. Evaluation of factors related to the occurrence of female urinary incontinence. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2010; 56: 688-90.

Bilgili N, Belgin A, Emel E, Sultan A. Incidence of the urinary incontinence and affecting risk factors in women Turkiye Klinikleri. J Med Sci 2008; 28: 487-93.

Karaçam Z, Eroğlu K. Effects of episiotomy on bonding and mothers' health. J Adv Nurs 2003; 43: 384-94.

Chang SR, Chen KH, Lin HH, Chao YM, Lai YH. Comparison of the effects of episiotomy and no episiotomy on pain, urinary incontinence, and sexual function 3 months postpartum: a prospective follow-up study. Int J Nurs Stud 2011; 48: 409-18.

Hartmann K, Viswanathan M, Palmieri R, Gartlehner G, Thorp J, Lohr KN. Outcomes of routine episiotomy: a systematic review. JAMA 2005; 293: 2141-8.

Kılıç M. Incidence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in women visiting Family Health Centers. Springerplus 2016; 5: 1331.

Song YF, Zhang WJ, Song J, Xu B. Prevalence and risk factors of urinary incontinence in Fuzhou Chinese women. Chin Med J 2005; 118: 887-92.

Zhu L, Lang J, Wang H, Han S, Huang J. The prevalence of and potential risk factors for female urinary incontinence in Beijing, China. Menopause 2008; 15: 566-9.

Skorupska KA, Miotła P, Kubik-Komar A, Rechberger E, Adamiak-Godlewska A, Rechberger T. Urinary incontinence after hysterectomydoes type of surgery matter? Ginekol Pol 2016; 87: 94-7.

Altman D, Granath F, Cnattingius S, Falconer C. Hysterectomy and risk of stress-urinary-incontinence surgery: nationwide cohort study. Lancet 2007; 370: 1494-9.

Allahdin S, Harrild K, Warraich QA, Bain C. Comparison of the long - term effects of simple total abdominal hysterectomy with transcervical endometrial resection on urinary incontinence. BJOG 2008; 115: 199-204.

De Boer TA, Slieker-Ten Hove MC, Burger CW, Kluivers KB, Vierhout ME. The prevalence and factors associated with previous surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence in a cross-sectional study in The Netherlands. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011; 158: 343-9.