90-90-90 targets: Reaching the first 90 diagnosing exposed babies using the virologic HIV DNA nucleic acid-based technique

Saheed Opeyemi Usman; Ganiyu Babatunde Ganiyu; Florence Chinwe Umeozulu

doi:10.5152/EurJTher.2017.05058

Authors

Saheed Opeyemi Usman Department of Clinical Laboratory, Equitable Health Access Initiative
Ganiyu Babatunde Ganiyu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Equitable Health Access Initiative
Florence Chinwe Umeozulu Department of Clinical Laboratory, Equitable Health Access Initiative

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5152/EurJTher.2017.05058

Keywords:

PMTCT, HAART, infant, dried blood spot, polymerase chain reaction

Abstract

Objective: The HIV pandemic has continued to be a huge challenge in Nigeria, with the problem of stigmatization reducing the chances of early determination of HIV status in pregnant women, which may increase the chances of transmission to the child from the mother. Our study was designed to determine the trend as well as diagnosis of HIV infection in exposed infants. It will also determine among infants the factors associated with the transmission of the infection from their mothers.
Methods: This was a study of HIV-exposed infants conducted between January 2013 and December 2015. The study population was HIV-exposed infants. Dried blood spots (DBS) were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction technique.
Results: Only 18.3%, 20.1%, and 14.2% of the babies had their DBS samples taken at six weeks of age in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. The percentage of positives across the three years was 3.6%, 3.2%, and 3.1%, as the majority of the babies took single-dose nevirapine and had exclusive breastfeeding, but only 1.5% and 1.3% of the babies within 18-month PMTCT retested for 2013 and 2014 were confirmed positive after cessation of all exposures.
Conclusion: ART administration to both HIV-infected mothers and their babies has demonstrated an effective mechanism of the PMTCT program, as this is evident in the low positivity outcome. However, the feat of mother-to-baby HIV transmission elimination achieved by Cuba, Armenia, Belarus, and Thailand is achievable in Nigeria through provision of universal access to health care.

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