Metoclopramide-induced oculogygyric crisis: Report of three cases

Çetin Kürşad AKPINAR; Dursun AYGÜN

doi:10.5578/gmj.32159

Authors

Çetin Kürşad AKPINAR Clinic of Neurology, Vezirkopru State Hospital, Samsun
Dursun AYGÜN Department of Neurolgy, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5578/gmj.32159

Keywords:

Akut distonik reaksiyon, metoklopramid, okulojirik kriz

Abstract

Metoclopramide is a dopamine (D2) receptor blocker, which is widely used in emergency departments (EDs) in the treatment of patients with nausea and emesis. The primary side effect is acute extrapyramidal reactions requiring acute intervention. Acute dystonic reaction incidence is 0.5-1% in children while incidence in young adults and elders is 25%. Oculogyric crisis is an acute dystonic reaction of the ocular muscles characterized by bilateral dystonic elevation of visual gaze lasting from seconds to hours. There have been few published cases on oculogyric crisis in general. This reaction is most commonly explained as an adverse reaction to drugs such as antiemetics, antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiepileptics, and antimalarials. It is important to be able to recognize this ocular side effect because, without a thorough patient history, symptoms can be confused with other diseases (such as versive seizures, encephalopathy). In this paper, we report three cases of oculogyric crisis induced by metoclopramide.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Hibbs AM, Lorch SA. Metoclopramide for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2006;118(2):746-52.

Karagoz G, Kadanali A, Dede B, Anadol U, Yucel M, Bektasoglu MF. Metoclopramide-induced acute dystonic reaction: a case report. EAJM 2013;45:58-9.

Batts KF, Munter DW. Metoclopramide toxicity in an infant. Pediatr Emerg Care 1998;14(1):39-1.

Yis U, Ozdemir D, Duman M, Unal N. Metoclopramide induced dystonia in children: Two case reports. Eur J Emerg Med 2005;12:117-9.

Bateman DN, Rawlins MD, Simpson JM. Extrapyramidal reactions with metoclopramide. BMJ 1985;291:930-2.

Guala A, Mittino D, Ghini T, Quazza G. Are metoclopramide dystonias familial? Pediatr Med Chir 1992;14:617-8.

Van Harten PN, Hoek HW, Kahn RS. Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment. BMJ 1999;319:623-6.

Kızılelma A, Tekşam Ö, Haliloğlu G. Metoklopramid kullanımına bağlı gelişen akut distoni: Bir vaka bildirimi. Cocuk Sagligi Hast Derg 2008;51:162-4.

Kerr GW. Dystonic reactions: two case reports. J Accid Emerg Med 1996;13:221-2.

Bateman DN, Craft AW, Nicholson E, Pearson ADJ. Dystonic reactions and pharmacokinetics of metoclopramide in children. Br J Clin Pharmac 1983;15:557-9.

Cezard C, Nisse P, Quaranta S, Peucelle D, Mathiue-Noolf M. Acute dystonia from metoclopramide in children. Therapie 2003;58:367-70.

Hancı V. Akut distonik reaksiyon. Goztepe Tip Dergisi 2006;20:53-6.

Campbell D. The management of acute dystonic reactions. Aust Prescr 2001;24:19-20.

Bhachech JT. Aripiprazole-induced oculogyric crisis (acute dystonia). J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2012;3(3):279-81. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.99446.

Ghosh S, Dhrubajyoti B, Bhattacharya A, Roy D, Saddichha S. Tardive oculogyric crisis associated with quetiapine use. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2013;33(2):266. doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e3182878b2e.

Bayram E, Bayram MT, Hiz S, Turkmen M. Cefixime-induced oculogyric crisis. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012;28(1):55-6. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31823f252d.