Clinical Characteristics And Treatment Modalities Of Childhood Hemangiomas

Elvan Çağlar Çıtak; Aynur Oğuz

doi:10.58600/eurjther.2009-15-1-1284-arch

Authors

Elvan Çağlar Çıtak Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Çocuk Onkolojisi Bilim Dalı
Aynur Oğuz Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı Çocuk Onkolojisi Bilim Dalı

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.2009-15-1-1284-arch

Keywords:

Hemangioma, Clinical findings, Therapy, Childhood

Abstract

Hemangiomas are the most common type of congenital anomaly in childhood. Fortunately, most hemangiomas only grow to small size and do not cause problems. However, there is a small subset of hemangiomas that destroy tissue or endanger the infant's life, either because of tumor's size, location or agressive growth. The pathogenesis of hemangiomas is not well understood, but recent findings suggest a unique vascular phenotype with dysregulated vascular homeostasis. This article reviews new information regarding the pathogenesis of these tumors and highlights the more worrisome presentations, including syndromic hemangiomas, that are likely to be problematic. In addition, management strategies and treatment options are discussed.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Mulliken JB, Glowacki J. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1982;69:412-420.

Enjolras O, Mulliken JB. Vascular tumors and vascular malformations (new issues), Adv Dermatol, 1997;13: 375-423.

Jacobs AH, Walton RG. The incidence of birthmarks in the neonate. Pediatrics, 1976;58:218-222.

Bruckner AL, Frieden IJ. Hemangiomas of infancy. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2003;48:477-493.

Mulliken JB, Fishman SJ, Burrows PE. Vascular anomalies. Curr Probl Surg, 2000;37:519-584.

Gonzales-Crussi F, Reyes-Mugica M. Cellular hemangiomas ("hemangioendotheliomas") in infants: light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural observations. Am J Surg Pathol, 1991;15:769-778.

Takahashi K, Mulliken JB, Kozakewich HPW, Rogers RA, Folkman J, Ezekowitz RAB. Cellular markers that distinguish the phases of hemangioma during infancy and childhood. J Clin Invest, 1994;93:2357-2364.

Tan ST, Velickovic M, Ruger BM, Davis PF. Cellular and extracellular markers of hemangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2000;106:529-538.

Kraling BM, Razon MJ, Boon LM, Zurakowski D, Seachord C, Darveau RP, et al. E-selectin is present in proliferating endothelial cells in humans hemangiomas. Am J Pathol 1996;148:1181-1191.

Isik FF, Rand RP, Gruss JS, Benjamin D, Alpers CE. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA expression in hemangiomas and vascular malformations. J Surg Res, 1996;61:71-76.

North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, Mihm MC. GLUT1: a newly discovered immunohistochemical marker for juvenile hemangiomas. Hum Pathol. 2000;31:11-22.

North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, Mrak RE, Nicholas R, Kincannon J, et al. A unique microvascular phenotype shared by juvenile hemangiomas and human placenta. Arch Dermatol, 2001;137:559-570.

Arbiser JL. Angiogenesis and the skin: a primer. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1996;34:486-497.

Folkman J. Clinical applications of research on angiogenesis. N Engl J Med, 1995;333:1757-1763.

Cohen MM. Vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, hemangiomas, and vascular malformations. Am J Med Genet, 2002;108:265-274.

Walter JW, Blei F, Anderson JL, Orlow SJ, Speer MC, Marchuk DA. Genetic mapping of a novel familial form of infantile hemangioma. Am J Med Genet, 1999;82:77- 83.

Finn MC, Glowacki J, Mulliken JB. Congenital vascular lesions:clinical application of a new classification. J Pediatr Surg, 1983;18:894-899.

Drolet BA, Esterly NB, Frieden IJ. Hemangiomas in children. N Engl J Med, 1999;341:173-181.

Higuera S, Gordley K, Metry DW, Stal S. Management of hemangiomas and pediatric vascular malformations. J Craniofac Surg 2006;17:783-789.

Gampper TJ, Morgan RF. Vascular anomalies: Hemangiomas Plast Reconstr Surg, 2002;110:572-585.

Mulliken JB, Enjolras O. Congenital hemangiomas and infantile hemangioma: missing links. J Am Acad Dermatol, 2004;50:875-882.

Haik BG, Karcioglu ZA, Gordon RA, Pechous BP. Capillary hemangioma (infantile periocular hemangioma). Surv Ophthalmol, 1994;38:399-426.

Goldberg NS, Rosanova MA. Periorbital hemangiomas. Dermatol Clin, 1992;10:653-661.

Goldberg NS, Hebert AA, Esterly NB. Sacral hemangiomas and multiple congenital abnormalşities. Arch Dermatol, 1986;122:684-687.

Bouchard S, Yazbeck S, Lallier M. Perineal hemangioma, anorectal malformation, and genital anomaly: a new association? J Pediatr Surg, 1999;34:1133-1135.

Frieden IJ, Reese V, Cohen D. PHACE syndrome: the association of posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, an deye abnormalities. Arch Dermatol, 1996;132:307-311.

Metry DW, Dowd CF, Barkovich AJ, Frieden IJ. The many faces of PHACE syndrome. J Pediatr, 2001;139:117- 123.

Hall GW. Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome: pathogenesis and management. Br J Haematol, 2001;112:851-862.

Kasabach HHM, Merritt KK. Capillary hemangioma with extensive purpura. Report of a case. Am J Dis Child, 1940;59:1063-1070.

Ezekpwitz RAB, Mulliken JB, Folkman J. Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangioma of infancy. N Engl J Med, 1992;326:1456-1463.

Worle H, Maass E, Kohler B, Treuner J. Interferon-2a therapy in hemangioma of infancy:Spastic diplegia as a severe complaint. Eur J Pediatr, 1999;158:344.

Burrows PE, Laor T, Paltiel h, Robertson RL. Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of vascular birthmarks. Dermatol Clin, 1998;16:455-488.

Dubois J, Garel L. Imaging and therapeutic approach of hemangiomas and vascular malformations in the pediatric age group. Pediatr Radiol, 1999;29:879-893.

Donnelly LF, Adams DM, Bisset GS. Vascular malformations and hemangiomas: a practical approach in multidisciplinary clinic. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2000;174:597-608.

Frieden IJ. Which hemangiomas to treat-and how? Arch Dermatol, 1997;133:1593-1595.

Kushner BJ. The treatment of periorbital infantile hemangioma with intralesional corticosteroid. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1985;76:517-526.

Reyes BA, Vazquez-Botet M, Capo H. Intralesional steroids in cutaneous hemangioma. J Dermatol Surg, Oncol 1989;15:828-832.

White CW, Sondheimer HM, Crouch EC, Wilson H, Fan LL. Treatment of pulmonary hemangiomatosis with recombinant interferon alfa-2a. N Engl J Med, 1989;320:1197-1200.

Orchard PJ, Smith CM, Woods WG, day DL, Dehner LP, Shapiro R. Treatment of haemangioendotheliomas with alpfa interferon. Lancet, 1989;2:565-567.

Ezekowitz RAB, Mulliken JB, Folkman J. Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med, 1992;326:1456-1463.

Ricketss RR, Hatley RM, Corden BJ, Sabio H, Howell CG. Interferon-alpha-2a for the treatment of complex hemangiomas of infancy and childhood. Ann Surg, 1994;219:605-614.

Chang E, Boyd A, Nelson CC, Crowley D, Law T, Keough KM, et al. Successful treatment of infantile hemangiomas with interferon-alpha-2b. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 1997;19:237-244.

Boehm DK, Kobrinsky NL. Treatment of cavernous hemangioma with vincristine. Ann Pharmacother, 1993;27:981.

Moore J, Lee M, Garzon M, Soffer S, Kim E, Saouaf R, et al. Effective therapy of a vascular tumor of infancy with vincristine. J Pediatr Surg, 2001;36:1273-1276.

Payarols JP, Masferrer JP, Bellvert CG. Treatment of life-threatening infantile hemangiomas with vincristine. N Engl J Med, 1995;333:69.

Hurvitz SA, Hurvitz CH, Sloninsky L, Sanford MC. Successful treatment with cyclophosphamide of life- threatening diffuse hemangiomatosis involving the liver. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2000;22:527-532.